====== CHLORALUM HYDRATUM ======
<span tc1>{{anchor:s1}}Chloralum.</span>

<span grade2>{{anchor:s2}}Hydrate of Chloral. {{anchor:s3}}C2HCl3O + H2O.</span>

{{anchor:s4}}Discovered in 1832, by Liebig.

{{anchor:s5}}Proved by W. Eggert, S. Swan, D. A. Babcock, etc. {{anchor:s6}}See <span grade2>Encyclopaedia</span>, vol. iii.

{{anchor:s7}}Poisoning, by E. W. Berridge, N. Y. J. H., vol. i, p. 307.

{{anchor:s8}}"Prepared by passing a stream of chlorine through absolute alcohol, until it comes over unchanged.

{{anchor:s9}}The thick fluid remaining behind is chloral. {{anchor:s10}}The simple addition of water converts chloral into its hydrate."

{{anchor:s11}}The first therapeutic application of this substance was made by O. Liebreich, of Berlin, who conceived that the transformation of chloral into chloroform might be expected when it reached the blood of a living animal. {{anchor:s12}}On coming into contact with its alkalis the chloral would separate into chloroform and formicic acid. {{anchor:s13}}W. W. Keen, of Philadelphia, has made use of chloral as an antiseptic and deodorant in the dissecting room and in surgical practice.

====== CLINICAL AUTHORITIES. ======

{{anchor:s15}}- <span grade2>Melancholia and headache</span>, J. H. Sherman, N. E. M. G., vol. 9, p. 412; <span grade2>Mania-a-potu</span>, J. C. Wilson, N. E. M. G., vol. 6, p. 160; <span grade2>Ophthalmia</span>, Dyce Brown (2 cases), B. J. H., vol. 32, p. 509; <span grade2>Conjunctivitis</span> (2 cases), Dyce Brown, B. J. H., vol. 32, p. 510; <span grade2>Conjunctivitis and Keratitis on left eye</span>, Dyce Brown, B. J. H., vol. 32, p. 510; <span grade2>Toothache from decayed teeth</span> (2 cases), Excelsior, N. A. J. H., vol. 23, p. 123; <span grade2>Odontalgia traumatica</span>, Hale, N. E. M. G., 1872; <span grade2>Colic of children</span>, Hale, Symptomatology; Ascites, Bishop, Med. Inv., vol. 11, p. 139; <span grade2>Enuresis</span>, Oehme, Raue's Path., p. 691, also El. Crit. Med., Aug., 1874; <span grade2>Incontinence of urine</span> (5 cases), E. Vechetti, Hom. Rev., vol. 18, p. 571, Leonardi, N. A. J. H., vol. 22, p. 408; <span grade2>Chordee</span>, E. M. Hale; N. A. J. H., 1870, p. 244; <span grade2>Dysmenorrhea</span>, Excelsior, N. A. J. H., 1870, p. 244; <span grade2>Dysmenorrhea</span>, Excelsior, N. A. J. H., vol. 23, p. 122; <span grade2>Pruritus vulvae during pregnancy</span>, Dyce Brown; <span grade2>Inefficient labor pains</span>, Excelsior, N. A. J. H., vol. 23, p. 123; <span grade2>Puerperal convulsions</span>, F. A. Lord, U. S. M. & S. J., vol. 7, p. 360; <span grade2>Puerperal eclampsia</span>, D. Baumetz (from Lancet), Hom. Rev., vol. 17, p. 310; <span grade2>Infantile tetanus</span>, Hale (See Sympt.); <span grade2>Typhoid pneumonia with sleeplessness</span>, J. C. Neilson, N. E. M. G., vol. 6, p. 161; <span grade2>Palpitation during phthisis</span>, Swan, Am. Ob., vol. 10, p. 136; <span grade2>Foul-smelling foot sweats</span>, Ortega, N. A. J. H., vol. 26, p. 412; <span grade2>Violent hysterical fit</span>, J. C. Neilson, N. E. M. G., vol. 6, p. 161; <span grade2>Chorea</span>, Strange, N. A. J. H., vol. 23, p. 123; <span grade2>Chorea during pregnancy</span>, J. Russel, N. A. J. H, vol. 23, p. 123; <span grade2>Idiopathic tetanus</span>, M. L. Sircar, Calcutta Journ., vol. 3, p. 389; <span grade2>Anasarca from valvular disease of heart</span>, Swan, A. H. Obs., 1873, p. 135; <span grade2>Preventive to seasickness</span>, Geraldis, A. O.; J. C. O. Will, Hom. Rev., vol. 16, p. 561, Ober, N. A. J. H., vol. 24, p. 567; <span grade2>Urticaria, and Pruritus</span>, Dyce Brown, B. J. H., vol. 32, p. 512; <span grade2>Urticaria</span> (2 cases), Dyce Brown; J. C. Burnett, H. M., vol. 13, p. 56 (2 cases); A. C. Clifton, H. R., vol. 21, p. 526.

====== MIND. [1] ======

{{anchor:s17}}Comatose for days, ending in cerebral congestion.\\ {{anchor:s18}}Melancholia, idiocy and insanity.\\ {{anchor:s19}}Fixed despair of recovery; believes he will give his imaginary disease (syphilis) to others.\\ {{anchor:s20}}Confusion of mind, inability to concentrate thoughts, impaired memory; could not keep the thread of sermon.\\ {{anchor:s21}}(OBS:) Mental diseases, and general paralysis of patients suffering from mental diseases.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s22}}Constantly hears voices.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s23}}Sleeplessness at night, with restless irritability; headache, confusion in head; melancholy; inclined to wander and hide herself, avoiding shrewdly the vigilance of her friends; would then return, unable to give any account of where she had been.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s24}}He walks hurriedly up and down the room, talking to himself in an excited manner, and holding conversation with imaginary beings.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s25}}~</span> <span grade3>Acute mania induced by severe mental excitement.</span>\\ {{anchor:s26}}Jumps out of bed with fear, cold sweat, screams as if in mortal terror; night terrors of children.\\ {{anchor:s27}}Gorgeous visions of arches, tapestry and colors pass before the eyes when shut, or open in the dark.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s28}}Wild delirium changing to a busy delirium; visions of fantastic objects; a great deal of fever; pulse 120 most of the time.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s29}}~</span> <span grade2>Delirium tremens.</span>\\ {{anchor:s30}}Delirious, she hurls a hot water bottle at an imaginary figure at foot of bed.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s31}}Boisterous mania.</span>\\ {{anchor:s32}}(OBS:) Delirium of typhus.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s33}}Delirium tremens, when brain is congested.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s34}}Puerperal mania, with sleeplessness.</span>\\ {{anchor:s35}}Hydrophobia.

====== INNER HEAD. [3] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s37}}Cephalalgia.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s38}}Hard, full, pressing pains in head, continuing a long time without relief.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s39}}~</span> <span grade3>Dysmenorrhea.</span>\\ {{anchor:s40}}Dull, heavy, aching pain in forehead and occiput all day, agg. by motion.\\ {{anchor:s41}}Severe pain in frontal region over supraorbital ridge, which nothing relieves, agg. by motion.\\ {{anchor:s42}}Headache in forehead, extending to occiput.\\ {{anchor:s43}}Headache over both eyes, running down into eyes, left side agg., with feeling as if eyes were constricted.\\ {{anchor:s44}}Neuralgia of temporal region.\\ {{anchor:s45}}Feeling as if a hot band was drawn across forehead from temple to temple directly over eyes, with sensation of a burning ring around each eye.\\ {{anchor:s46}}Dull, heavy headache in occiput and forehead over eyes; a feeling of weight and soreness, which seems wholly within cranium; agg. by moving about and lying down, slightly amel. by going into open air.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s47}}Cerebro-spinal congestion.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s48}}Cerebral congestion following a condition of extraordinary depression of nervous system.</span>\\ {{anchor:s49}}Congestion of brain with some mental excitement.

====== OUTER HEAD. [4] ======

{{anchor:s51}}Great heaviness of head; cannot lift it.\\ {{anchor:s52}}Erythema of head and neck.

====== SIGHT AND EYES. [5] ======

{{anchor:s54}}Retinal hyperesthesia.\\ {{anchor:s55}}Sensitive to light.\\ {{anchor:s56}}Colors are unusually bright.\\ {{anchor:s57}}Objects look white; color blindness.\\ {{anchor:s58}}Dark spots before eyes.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s59}}Dimness of sight.</span>\\ {{anchor:s60}}Eyesight weak, dim, globe congested, lids swollen and sometimes partially paralyzed.\\ {{anchor:s61}}Peculiar dimness or weakness of sight; must read with one eye at a time-for a minute or two with each; if one eye was used longer than a minute the words and letters became blurred and indistinct.\\ {{anchor:s62}}If one eye only is used until objects fade, the other sees objects plainly for awhile.\\ {{anchor:s63}}Can see small objects only for a few moments, they fade away.\\ {{anchor:s64}}Eyeballs feel too large.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s65}}Burning in eyes and lids.</span>\\ {{anchor:s66}}Sensation of a burning ring around each eye.\\ {{anchor:s67}}Feeling as if eyes were constricted, with headache.\\ {{anchor:s68}}Sharp pain in eyeballs.\\ {{anchor:s69}}Redness and watering of eyes.\\ {{anchor:s70}}Watery eyes, especially when looking at anything.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s71}}Conjunctiva congested.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s72}}Eyes injected and bloodshot, constantly watering.</span>\\ <span grade4>{{anchor:s73}}Face and eyelids so swollen that he could hardly see.</span> <span sbitared>{{anchor:s74}}~</span> <span grade4>Urticaria.</span>\\ {{anchor:s75}}Conjunctivae injected, face has a puffed and swollen appearance, especially below eyes.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s76}}Ocular and palpebral conjunctiva of left eye much injected, with considerable pain; a small ulcer on cornea reduced to size of a pin point.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s77}}Right eye much injected, with great pain; left eye also slightly injected.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s78}}~</span> <span grade3>Conjunctivitis.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s79}}Conjunctivitis of right eye, which is very red and painful, deep cut ulcer in centre of cornea; of a strumous family.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s80}}Conjunctivitis and corneitis on left eye; cornea is dim; in right eye considerable redness of palpebral and ocular conjunctiva at one point; great photophobia.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s81}}Conjunctivitis of both eyes; small ulcer on left cornea; feeling of sand in eyes, but almost no photophobia; is a very strumous patient.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s82}}Catarrhal ophthalmia; there are one or two phlyctenae on right eye, at edge of cornea; severe circumorbital pain and photophobia.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s83}}Intense itching of inner canthi and edges of lids.</span>\\ {{anchor:s84}}Puffy swelling of lids.\\ {{anchor:s85}}Eyelids feel so heavy he can hardly lift them.\\ {{anchor:s86}}Ptosis (in a man who took it for overtaxed mind).

====== HEARING AND EARS. [6] ======

{{anchor:s88}}Great sensitiveness to noise.

====== UPPER FACE. [8] ======

{{anchor:s90}}Dark scarlet flushing and heat of head and face, from roots of hair to ramus of lower jaw, neck and chest, including eyes, persistent under pressure; blotchy in places.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s91}}Face red and swollen.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s92}}~</span> <span grade2>Urticaria.</span>\\ {{anchor:s93}}Face erysipelatous; swollen so he could not see.\\ {{anchor:s94}}(OBS:) Neuralgia of infraorbital branch of fifth nerve.

====== LOWER FACE. [9] ======

{{anchor:s96}}Lips covered with sordes and dried blood.\\ {{anchor:s97}}Swelling of parotid and submaxillary glands.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s98}}Blueness of lips.</span>

====== TEETH AND GUMS. [10] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s100}}Neuralgia from decayed teeth.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s101}}Odontalgia traumatica from pressure of filling; pain unbearable; agg. when lying down.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s102}}Excruciating toothache from decayed teeth, with neuralgic affection of jaw.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s103}}Neuralgia of inferior dental branch of fifth nerve.</span>

====== TASTE, SPEECH, TONGUE. [11] ======

{{anchor:s105}}Deeply coated tongue.\\ {{anchor:s106}}A black streak along centre of tongue as though ink had been rubbed over it.

====== INNER MOUTH. [12] ======

{{anchor:s108}}Lips, mouth and fauces red and raw, gums spongy, tongue blistered and ulcerated.

====== PALATE AND THROAT. [13] ======

{{anchor:s110}}Spasm of throat.\\ {{anchor:s111}}Partial paralysis of esophagus.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s112}}She could not utter a syllable and swallowed with difficulty.</span>

====== APPETITE, THIRST. DESIRES, AVERSIONS. [14] ======

{{anchor:s115}}Loss of appetite.\\ {{anchor:s116}}Thirst.

====== HICCOUGH, BELCHING, NAUSEA AND VOMITING. [16] ======

<span grade3>{{anchor:s118}}Vomiting and nervous irritability during course of cerebro-spinal meningitis.</span>

====== SCROBICULUM AND STOMACH. [17] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s120}}Feebleness of stomach.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s121}}Sense of sinking and oppression at pit of stomach.</span>

====== HYPOCHONDRIA. [18] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s123}}Hepatic and renal colic, dependent on passage of calculus.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s124}}Gall stones.</span>\\ {{anchor:s125}}Atrophy of liver.

====== ABDOMEN AND LOINS. [19] ======

<span grade3>{{anchor:s127}}Severe colic of children, when pain threatens to cause spasms.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s128}}Ascites attendant upon supposed case of phthisis pulmonalis.</span>

====== STOOLS AND RECTUM. [20] ======

{{anchor:s130}}Soft, lumpy, strong smelling stools twice a day, and frequent passages of fetid flatus.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s131}}Diarrhea at night with excessive nervous excitement.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s132}}~</span> <span grade2>Dentition.</span>\\ {{anchor:s133}}Cholera without vomiting or diarrhea.

====== URINARY ORGANS. [21] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s135}}Nephritic and hepatic colic dependent upon passage of calculus.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s136}}Increases urine when given for anasarca from heart disease.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s137}}Urinated copiously in bed without knowing it.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s138}}Nocturnal incontinence of urine; in children in latter part of night, even if they have urinated during night and drank no water.</span>\\ {{anchor:s139}}Frequent and profuse urination of dark amber color, clear and without odor.

====== MALE SEXUAL ORGANS. [22] ======

{{anchor:s141}}Loss of sexual power; no desire or erections; impotence.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s142}}Chordee during gonorrhea.</span>

====== FEMALE SEXUAL ORGANS. [23] ======

{{anchor:s144}}If taken immediately before onset of mensesl discharge, it entirely checks it.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s145}}Menses irregular.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s146}}~</span> <span grade2>Urticaria.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s147}}Severe spasmodic pains in and about the uterus.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s148}}~</span> <span grade3>Dysmenorrhea.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s149}}Pains very severe and labor-like.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s150}}~</span> <span grade3>Dysmenorrhea.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s151}}Thick, yellow leucorrhea, tinged sometimes with a little blood.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s152}}~</span> <span grade2>Urticaria.</span>

====== PREGNANCY. PARTURITION. LACTATION. [24] ======

<span grade3>{{anchor:s156}}Troublesome pruritus during pregnancy.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s157}}Tedious labor lasting over eighteen hours; nervous, irritable, hysterical condition; the pains which are apparently normal and forcible have no effect on the uterus.</span>\\ {{anchor:s158}}(OBS:) Severe labor pains.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s159}}Puerperal convulsions.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s160}}Severe case of chorea during pregnancy.</span>

====== VOICE AND LARYNX. TRACHEA AND BRONCHIA. [25] ======

{{anchor:s163}}(OBS:) Bronchitis.

====== RESPIRATION. [26] ======

{{anchor:s165}}Gasping breathing and confusion of thought; sinking at stomach.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s166}}Great dyspnea, a sense of suffocation; oppression at base of chest (in front), with urgent thirst.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s167}}Slow respiration, with imperceptible pulse.</span>\\ {{anchor:s168}}Laborious respiration, occasional deep inspiration, with a sighing expiration.\\ {{anchor:s169}}Wheezing respiration.\\ {{anchor:s170}}Stertorous breathing, with loud snoring during sleep, in any position.\\ {{anchor:s171}}When lying on back, the inspiration was through the nose, while the expiration was blown from the lips as in apoplexy.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s172}}Asthma; the nightly paroxysms are very severe; he is bent forward, can hardly catch his breath.</span>

====== COUGH. [27] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s174}}Hard, difficult cough.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s175}}~</span> <span grade2>Chest affections.</span>\\ {{anchor:s176}}Spasmodic cough accompanying last stage of phthisis.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s177}}Labored cough of bronchitis and phthisis.</span>\\ {{anchor:s178}}Whooping cough.\\ {{anchor:s179}}Croup.

====== INNER CHEST AND LUNGS. [28] ======

{{anchor:s181}}Pulmonary congestion.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s182}}Constriction at base of chest, with dyspnea, in organic heart affections.</span>\\ {{anchor:s183}}Sense of weight on chest in region of sternum at night, causing expiration to be easier than inspiration.\\ {{anchor:s184}}Singular sensation of fullness of chest, not as if it was filled up as a person experiences after a meal, but rather as if all the tissues were hypertrophied, producing an indescribable sense of tightness and pressure on the lungs, causing very labored breathing and redness of face.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s185}}Great dyspnea with labored action of lungs.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s186}}~</span> <span grade2>Dropsy.</span>\\ {{anchor:s187}}(OBS:) Congestive bronchitis with spitting of blood; painful and audible breathing.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s188}}Severe attacks of typhoid pneumonia; unable to sleep from nervous irritation, dyspnea and cough.</span>

====== HEART, PULSE AND CIRCULATION. [29] ======

{{anchor:s190}}Heart's action regular but with increased frequency and diminished force.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s191}}Increased action of heart and oppressed respiration.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s192}}Violent palpitation with dyspnea.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s193}}~</span> <span grade2>Hypertrophy with dilatation.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s194}}Palpitations so violent that they can be heard; great difficulty of respiration, patient requires constant fanning.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s195}}~</span> <span grade2>Phthisis.</span>\\ {{anchor:s196}}Palpitation accompanies hyperemic condition of skin; agg. from wine, beer or spirits.\\ {{anchor:s197}}Heart dilated or weakened, with peculiar fullness and lightness of chest and sense of emptiness in stomach.\\ {{anchor:s198}}(OBS:) Angina pectoris.\\ {{anchor:s199}}Valvular disease of heart with anasarca.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s200}}Diminution of heart's action in organic affections, with dyspnea and constriction of base of chest.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s201}}Heart beats become feeble, irregular, very rapid.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s202}}Heart feeble, pulse weak; could not lie down; general anasarca.</span>\\ {{anchor:s203}}Cardiac neurosis.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s204}}Threatened paralysis of heart.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s205}}~</span> <span grade2>Pericarditis.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s206}}Pulse frequent, irregular, weak, intermittent, heart acting regularly but with increased frequency and diminished force.</span>\\ {{anchor:s207}}Weak, irritable pulse, threatening paralysis of heart.\\ {{anchor:s208}}Imperceptible pulse, cold extremities, slow respiration.\\ {{anchor:s209}}Pulse 88.

====== NECK AND BACK. [31] ======

{{anchor:s211}}Erythema of head and neck.\\ {{anchor:s212}}A purple discolored band, two inches wide, along each side of vertebral column.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s213}}Large patches of redness with urticarious wheals about neck, trunk and extremities.</span>\\ {{anchor:s214}}At base of skin large greenish spots.

====== UPPER LIMBS. [32] ======

{{anchor:s216}}Upon red surface of left arm a mass of minute points of a deeper red.\\ {{anchor:s217}}Left arm swollen and indurated.\\ {{anchor:s218}}Erythematous inflammation, desquamation and ulceration around border of nails; pain, great sensibility to touch.

====== LOWER LIMBS. [33] ======

{{anchor:s220}}Sensation and motion paralyzed in both legs.\\ {{anchor:s221}}Foul-smelling foot sweats.

====== LIMBS IN GENERAL. [34] ======

{{anchor:s223}}Wandering rheumatoid pains.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s224}}Cold extremities, with blueness of lips, slow respiration, imperceptible pulse.</span>\\ <span grade4>{{anchor:s225}}Large red patches on arms and legs, exactly like nettlerash, in large raised wheals, with intense irritative itching.</span>

====== REST. POSITION. MOTION. [35] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s229}}Limbs extended, head low, appearance of impending death.</span>\\ {{anchor:s230}}Lies in a state resembling catalepsy; hysteria.\\ {{anchor:s231}}Lying down: agg. headache; agg. toothache; impossible on account of weak action of heart.\\ {{anchor:s232}}Lying on back: inspiration through nose, expiration through lips.\\ {{anchor:s233}}In any position: stertorous breathing.\\ {{anchor:s234}}Bent forward: in asthma.\\ {{anchor:s235}}Could neither lie nor stand; chorea.\\ {{anchor:s236}}Motion: agg. pain in forehead and occiput; pain over supraorbital ridge.

====== NERVES. [36] ======

{{anchor:s238}}Lassitude.\\ {{anchor:s239}}Unaccountably depressed and very weak, especially in lower limbs, this weakness increasing until he is compelled to give up his daily walks from sheer inability to put one leg before the other.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s240}}Great muscular prostration, limbs extended, head low, appearance of impending death.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s241}}Tendency to weakness, feebleness of stomach, blue lips, cold extremities, slow respiration, imperceptible pulse.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s242}}Great exhaustion from sleeplessness.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s243}}~</span> <span grade2>Acute rheumatism.</span>\\ {{anchor:s244}}Extraordinary depression of nervous system, following cerebral congestion.\\ {{anchor:s245}}Great prostration, tendency to somnolence.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s246}}Neuralgia.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s247}}Violent hysterical fit; she lies in a state resembling catalepsy.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s248}}Nervous irritation; mania; hysteria; mania-a-potu; epilepsy; convulsions of children.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s249}}Chorea: patient could neither lie nor stand, the head, limbs and body being in constant motion and each muscle apparently partaking of irregular action.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s250}}Long-continued and obstinate chorea.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s251}}Intense chorea, where constancy and severity of spasmodic movements threaten life of patient.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s252}}Trismus and trismus nascentium.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s253}}Traumatic tetanus and infantile tetanus.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s254}}The whole body engaged in tetanic rigidity, fits coming on at very short intervals; mouth can only be slightly opened; deglutition very difficult.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s255}}~</span> <span grade3>Tetanus.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s256}}Sudden violent tetanic fit with lockjaw; weeping mood; sudden very violent pain in abdomen.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s257}}~</span> <span grade3>Tetanus.</span>\\ {{anchor:s258}}Motor and sensory paralysis of both legs.

====== SLEEP. [37] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s260}}Insomnia arising from overfatigue, mental or physical.</span>\\ {{anchor:s261}}During sleep, stertorous breathing with loud snoring in any position.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s262}}Night terror, especially in teething children.</span>\\ {{anchor:s263}}Horrible dreams with frightful visions, they scream and cry out, sit up in bed and cannot be quieted.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s264}}Wakes from disturbed rest, cries out and screams until perfectly exhausted and in danger of general convulsion.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s265}}~</span> <span grade2>Chorea.</span>

====== TIME. [38] ======

{{anchor:s267}}At night: sleeplessness; terror of children; diarrhea with nervous excitement; enuresis; paroxysms of asthma; sense of weight on chest, in region of sternum; irritation of skin.\\ {{anchor:s268}}Latter part of night: incontinence of urine in children.\\ {{anchor:s269}}Towards evening: itching of chin, and front and back of neck.

====== TEMPERATURE AND WEATHER. [39] ======

{{anchor:s271}}Requires constant fanning; palpitation and dyspnea in phthisis.\\ {{anchor:s272}}Open air: amel. headache.

====== FEVER. [40] ======

{{anchor:s274}}Sensation of heat all over body, particularly in face.\\ {{anchor:s275}}High fever.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s276}}Fevers where cephalic symptoms do not contraindicate its use.</span>

====== ATTACKS, PERIODICITY. [41] ======

{{anchor:s278}}Paroxysms: of asthma nightly.\\ {{anchor:s279}}Lasting over eighteen hours: tedious labor.\\ {{anchor:s280}}All day: headache in forehead and occiput.\\ {{anchor:s281}}Continuing a long time: pains in head.\\ {{anchor:s282}}For days: comatose.

====== LOCALITY AND DIRECTION. [42] ======

{{anchor:s284}}Left: above and in eye, headache agg.; conjunctiva injected; eye slightly injected; conjunctivitis and keratitis; small ulcer on cornea; bad eruption on arm; arm swollen and indurated.\\ {{anchor:s285}}Right: eye injected, painful; conjunctivitis; ulcer on cornea; redness of palpebral and ocular conjunctiva; phlyctenae on edge of cornea.

====== SENSATIONS. [43] ======

{{anchor:s287}}As if a hot band was drawn across forehead; as if eyes were constricted; as of a burning ring around each eye; as if eyeballs were too large; as of sand in eyes; sinking and oppression at pit of stomach; as if tissues in chest were hypertrophied (fullness); on chin and neck like minute insects or hairs.\\ {{anchor:s288}}Excruciating pain: in teeth.\\ {{anchor:s289}}Sharp pain: in eyeballs.\\ {{anchor:s290}}Hard pains: in head.\\ {{anchor:s291}}Severe pain: in frontal region; in abdomen.\\ {{anchor:s292}}Neuralgia: of fifth nerve; from decayed teeth; from pressure of filling of jaw; of inferior dental branch of fifth nerve; of temporal region.\\ {{anchor:s293}}Rheumatoid wandering pains.\\ {{anchor:s294}}Stinging: over whole body.\\ {{anchor:s295}}Spasmodic pains: in and about uterus.\\ {{anchor:s296}}Colic: hepatic and renal; of children.\\ {{anchor:s297}}Labor-like pains: in dysmenorrhea.\\ {{anchor:s298}}Burning: in eyes and lids; ring around each eye; stinging over whole surface.\\ {{anchor:s299}}Aching pain: in forehead and occiput.\\ {{anchor:s300}}Dull pain: in forehead and occiput; over eyes.\\ {{anchor:s301}}Full pains: in head.\\ {{anchor:s302}}Heavy pain: in forehead and occiput; over eyes.\\ {{anchor:s303}}Pressing pains: in head.\\ {{anchor:s304}}Soreness: within cranium.\\ {{anchor:s305}}Pressure: on lungs.\\ {{anchor:s306}}Oppression: at base of chest in front; at pit of stomach.\\ {{anchor:s307}}Tightness: on lungs; over whole surface.\\ {{anchor:s308}}Constriction: at base of chest.\\ {{anchor:s309}}Fullness: of chest.\\ {{anchor:s310}}Heaviness: of head; of eyelids.\\ {{anchor:s311}}Weight: within cranium; in chest in region of sternum.\\ {{anchor:s312}}Lightness: of chest.\\ {{anchor:s313}}Emptiness: in stomach shortly after eating.\\ {{anchor:s314}}Heat: of head; of face; all over body.\\ {{anchor:s315}}Itching: of inner canthi and edge of lids, of chin, and front of back and neck; over whole body.\\ {{anchor:s316}}Hardness: over whole surface.

====== TISSUES. [44] ======

<span grade2>{{anchor:s318}}Patient anemic and emaciated.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s319}}~</span> <span grade2>Chorea.</span>\\ {{anchor:s320}}Acts primarily on ganglia of brain, then of spinal cord, finally on those of heart, so that paralysis of heart sets in.\\ {{anchor:s321}}Causes cessation of cardiac movements, diminishes excitability of motor centres, of respiratory and abdominal muscles, and lessens irritability of vaso-motor centres.\\ {{anchor:s322}}Produces first sleep, then more or less anesthesia, and during both relaxation of muscles.\\ {{anchor:s323}}In muscular debility, fatty degeneration and dilatation, when there are evidences of nervous deficiency, as shown by irregularity or intermittency of action and palpitation of heart.\\ {{anchor:s324}}The temperature falls, with sinking of pulse and respiration.\\ {{anchor:s325}}Destroys coagulability of blood.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s326}}Hemorrhagic diathesis.</span>\\ {{anchor:s327}}Typhoid cases with epistaxis; haemoptysis; hematemesis.\\ {{anchor:s328}}Favors the production of hemorrhage and tends to reopen recently cicatrized ulcers of mucous membranes.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s329}}Anasarca.</span>\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s330}}Purpura hemorrhagica.</span>\\ {{anchor:s331}}Gangrene on places exposed to pressure, especially in patients laboring under mental diseases, the gangrene spreads in depth with an intact skin.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s332}}Rheumatism and gout.</span>\\ {{anchor:s333}}Antiseptic dressing for wounds even when there is erysipelas.\\ {{anchor:s334}}Applied to fetid ulcers it has septic properties.

====== TOUCH. PASSIVE MOTION. INJURIES. [45] ======

<span grade3>{{anchor:s338}}Seasickness; is said to be preventive.</span>\\ {{anchor:s339}}Touch: sensitive around border of nails.\\ {{anchor:s340}}Pressure: does not alter scarlet flush on head and face; erythema remains unchanged.

====== SKIN. [46] ======

{{anchor:s342}}Hyperemia of skin agg. from smallest quantity of wine, beer or spirits, with distressing palpitation.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s343}}An itchiness of chin and front and back of neck, coming on towards morning, sensation like minute insects or hairs.</span>\\ {{anchor:s344}}Pruritus of whole skin and of mucous surfaces of upper outlets of body.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s345}}Violent stinging, itching sensation over whole body.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s346}}~</span> <span grade2>Urticaria.</span>\\ {{anchor:s347}}Burning-stinging sensations, and a feeling of tightness and hardness over whole surface.\\ {{anchor:s348}}Intense irritation and itching of skin, preventing sleep at night.\\ {{anchor:s349}}Great irritation of skin with swelling of eyelids.\\ {{anchor:s350}}Marked cutaneous anesthesia.\\ {{anchor:s351}}Bright, scarlet eruption on face, body and limbs.\\ {{anchor:s352}}She is much flushed, and there is present over the whole body a diffuse inflammatory redness closely resembling the smooth eruption of scarlatina.\\ {{anchor:s353}}Bright red or bluish erythema over whole body, permanent under pressure, mottled with livid patches and deep red spots.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s354}}Eruption on arms, legs and face and subsequently over whole body in large blotches of different shapes, raised above the surface and of a deep red color; these blotches gradually coalesce, till the whole skin is in a red and blotchy state, resembling measles.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s355}}Blotches of redness over legs and body in distinct wheals, not much fever.</span>\\ {{anchor:s356}}A mass of minute points or stigmata upon the red surface of left arm, of a much deeper red, permanent under pressure.\\ {{anchor:s357}}Eruption on arms and legs, exactly like nettlerash in large raised wheals, with intense, irritating itching, edematous swelling of face, cheeks, eyelids, ears, coming on suddenly from a chill, not from heat.\\ <span grade2>{{anchor:s358}}Wheals come on suddenly from a chill, crops of them appearing many times a day; as long as she remains in the warmth is not troubled with them.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s359}}Rash "like the sting of a nettle," coming out every night, and almost disappearing during the day; it is very itchy, and after washing with soap and water becomes painful, disturbing sleep at night.</span>\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s360}}Urticarious eruption, which disappears by day and comes out at night, with such itching as to keep child from sleeping.</span>\\ {{anchor:s361}}Large greenish spots at base of spine.\\ <span grade3>{{anchor:s362}}Eruption rises in white blisters on being scratched, there is great pruritus.</span> <span grade2>{{anchor:s363}}~</span> <span grade3>Urticaria.</span>\\ {{anchor:s364}}Nettlerash agg. at night, compelling scratching until places bleed; fever and restlessness.\\ {{anchor:s365}}Arms red and speckled, with threads of white dead epidermis partially separated from subjacent cutis.\\ {{anchor:s366}}General desquamation in round patches like blisters, from which serum had been absorbed, leaving skin beneath of a purple and in some places yellow color.\\ {{anchor:s367}}Purpura hemorrhagica; herpes circinatus.\\ <span grade4>{{anchor:s368}}Decubitus.</span> <span sbitared>{{anchor:s369}}~</span> <span grade4>Dropsy.</span> <span sbitared>{{anchor:s370}}~</span> <span grade4>Scarlatina.</span> <span sbitared>{{anchor:s371}}~</span> <span grade4>Erysipelas.</span>

====== STAGE OF LIFE, CONSTITUTION. [47] ======

{{anchor:s373}}"Its action is more uncertain in persons who are free livers and in those accustomed to the use of alcohol."\\ {{anchor:s374}}Children, incontinence of urine.\\ {{anchor:s375}}Peter B., aet. 6 months; already weaned; red blotches and wheals over legs and body.\\ {{anchor:s376}}Robert J. aet. 9, of a strumous family; conjunctivitis.\\ {{anchor:s377}}Girl, aet. 13; symptoms commencing at menstrual period; the remedy also caused passage of a round worm; tetanic convulsions.\\ {{anchor:s378}}Jane W., aet. 13; taken ill with headache, sickness and vomiting, which lasted three days, when an itching urticaria developed.\\ {{anchor:s379}}Girl, aet. 18, had a previous attack; violent hysterical fit.\\ {{anchor:s380}}Mrs. S., aet. 38; catarrhal ophthalmia.\\ {{anchor:s381}}Mrs. S., aet. 38, and son, aet. 8; urticaria.\\ {{anchor:s382}}German, aet. 46; from having become wet; urticaria.\\ {{anchor:s383}}German, aet. 64; urticaria.

====== RELATIONS. [48] ======

{{anchor:s385}}Relations\\ {{anchor:s386}}Antidotes: <span grade2>Ammonia, Atrop., Digit.</span> (heart); <span grade2>Moschus</span>, electricity.\\ {{anchor:s387}}Compare: <span grade2>Bellad.</span>, <span grade4>Chlorof.</span>, <span grade2>Gelsem., Nux vom., Opium.</span>\\ {{anchor:s388}}(OBS:) It may be used where opium is contraindicated, in general, after operations.

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====== DOCUMENT DESCRIPTOR ======
^ Source: | [[en:mm:hering:start|The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica]] Vol. 04, 1884 |
^ Description: | Clinical materia medica of [[en:rem:r423|Chloralum hydratum]] |
^ Remedies: | [[en:rem:r423|Chloralum hydratum]] |
^ Author: | Hering, C.; Raue, C.G.; Knerr, C.B.; Mohr, C. |
^ Year: | 1884 |
^ Editing: | errors only; interlinks; formatting |
^ Attribution: | Legatum Homeopathicum |}