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en:misc:talk-qa-schwarcz-saine [2013/02/07 12:10]
legatum [DOCUMENT DESCRIPTOR]
en:misc:talk-qa-schwarcz-saine [2013/09/23 08:18] (current)
legatum
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 We could indeed speculate that beyond the twelfth centesimal dilution there isn't any molecule left from the original substance. However, no one can in fact prove the absence of any molecules of the original medicinal substances in ultra-molecular preparations (UMPs[(Ultra-molecular preparations or UMPs are solids or solutions that went through the process of serial trituration/​succussion and dilutions particular to homeopathy (or are solids, usually sugars, that have been impregnated with one of these solutions), and which usually exceed in theory Avogadro'​s limit.)]), unless they are able to investigate them with methods capable of detecting the presence of the smallest concentrations of molecules. It was not until the 1950's and 1960's that scientists conducted experiments with radioisotopes,​ which permitted the detection of molecules of the original substances in UMPs of up to the 10<​sup>​-2,​000</​sup>​ (Korsakoff)[(Plazy M. //Recherche expérimentale moderne en homéopathie//​. Angoulème: Éditions Coquemard, 1967, 13-15. )]. The presence of the original medicinal substances have since been detected by more refined spectrometric measurements and most recently by scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology, who have detected asymptotic amounts of nanoparticles and nanobubbles in UMPs of up to the 10<​sup>​-400</​sup>​ [(Chikramane PS, Kalita D, Suresh AK, Kane SG, Bellare JR. Why extreme dilutions reach non-zero asymptotes: a nanoparticulate hypothesis based on froth flotation. //​Langmuir//​ 2012; 28: 15864-15875. )]. We could indeed speculate that beyond the twelfth centesimal dilution there isn't any molecule left from the original substance. However, no one can in fact prove the absence of any molecules of the original medicinal substances in ultra-molecular preparations (UMPs[(Ultra-molecular preparations or UMPs are solids or solutions that went through the process of serial trituration/​succussion and dilutions particular to homeopathy (or are solids, usually sugars, that have been impregnated with one of these solutions), and which usually exceed in theory Avogadro'​s limit.)]), unless they are able to investigate them with methods capable of detecting the presence of the smallest concentrations of molecules. It was not until the 1950's and 1960's that scientists conducted experiments with radioisotopes,​ which permitted the detection of molecules of the original substances in UMPs of up to the 10<​sup>​-2,​000</​sup>​ (Korsakoff)[(Plazy M. //Recherche expérimentale moderne en homéopathie//​. Angoulème: Éditions Coquemard, 1967, 13-15. )]. The presence of the original medicinal substances have since been detected by more refined spectrometric measurements and most recently by scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology, who have detected asymptotic amounts of nanoparticles and nanobubbles in UMPs of up to the 10<​sup>​-400</​sup>​ [(Chikramane PS, Kalita D, Suresh AK, Kane SG, Bellare JR. Why extreme dilutions reach non-zero asymptotes: a nanoparticulate hypothesis based on froth flotation. //​Langmuir//​ 2012; 28: 15864-15875. )].
  
-Also, measurable changes in the physico-chemical properties of UMPs began to appear in the 1940's with wavelength changes of the light passing through them[(Wurmser L, Loch P. Travail de recherche expérimentale sur les dilutions homéopathiques. //Congrès National de la Société Homéopathique de France// 1948: 37-48. )]. Different teams of scientists corroborated other measurable physico-chemical changes of UMPs in the early 1950'​s[(tephenson ​J. A review of investigations into the action of substances in dilutions greater than 1 X 10<​sup>​-24</​sup>​. //Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy//​ 1955; 48: 327-335. )]. During the 1960'​s,​ it was found by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that differences existed in the alcohol phase spectrographs of UMPs[(Boericke GW, Smith RB. Modern aspects of homeopathic research. //Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy//​ 1965; 58: 158-167; 1966; 59: 263-272. )]. The advent of more refined spectroscopic equipment is now permitting scientists to push investigation further and discover many new, greatly unexpected physico-chemical properties of UMPs.[(Rey L. Thermoluminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride and sodium chloride. //Physica A// 2003; 323: 67–74. )] [(Elia V, Niccoli M. New physico-chemical properties of extremely diluted aqueous solutions. //Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry//​ 2004; 75: 815–836. )] [(Elia V, Napoli E, Niccoli M, Tiezzi E. New physico-chemical properties of extremely dilute solutions. A conductivity study at 25°C in relation to ageing. //Journal of Solution Chemistry// 2008; 37: 85–96. )]+Also, measurable changes in the physico-chemical properties of UMPs began to appear in the 1940's with wavelength changes of the light passing through them[(Wurmser L, Loch P. Travail de recherche expérimentale sur les dilutions homéopathiques. //Congrès National de la Société Homéopathique de France// 1948: 37-48. )]. Different teams of scientists corroborated other measurable physico-chemical changes of UMPs in the early 1950'​s[(Stephenson ​J. A review of investigations into the action of substances in dilutions greater than 1 X 10<​sup>​-24</​sup>​. //Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy//​ 1955; 48: 327-335. )]. During the 1960'​s,​ it was found by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that differences existed in the alcohol phase spectrographs of UMPs[(Boericke GW, Smith RB. Modern aspects of homeopathic research. //Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy//​ 1965; 58: 158-167; 1966; 59: 263-272. )]. The advent of more refined spectroscopic equipment is now permitting scientists to push investigation further and discover many new, greatly unexpected physico-chemical properties of UMPs.[(Rey L. Thermoluminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride and sodium chloride. //Physica A// 2003; 323: 67–74. )] [(Elia V, Niccoli M. New physico-chemical properties of extremely diluted aqueous solutions. //Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry//​ 2004; 75: 815–836. )] [(Elia V, Napoli E, Niccoli M, Tiezzi E. New physico-chemical properties of extremely dilute solutions. A conductivity study at 25°C in relation to ageing. //Journal of Solution Chemistry// 2008; 37: 85–96. )]
  
 In 1984, Scofield reviewed much of the pre-Benveniste research on the physico-chemical properties of UMPs[(Scofield AM. Experimental research in homeopathy—a critical review. //British Homoeopathic Journal// 1984; 73: 161-180, 211-226.)]. We find that already in the 1960'​s,​ Barnard had developed the idea of the "​memory of water,"​ or in other words, something of the original substances is ingrained in the vehicles, which had in fact been considered by homeopaths since Hahnemann[(Barnard GP. Microdose paradox—a new concept. //Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy//​ 1965; 58; 205-212.)]. In 1984, Scofield reviewed much of the pre-Benveniste research on the physico-chemical properties of UMPs[(Scofield AM. Experimental research in homeopathy—a critical review. //British Homoeopathic Journal// 1984; 73: 161-180, 211-226.)]. We find that already in the 1960'​s,​ Barnard had developed the idea of the "​memory of water,"​ or in other words, something of the original substances is ingrained in the vehicles, which had in fact been considered by homeopaths since Hahnemann[(Barnard GP. Microdose paradox—a new concept. //Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy//​ 1965; 58; 205-212.)].
en/misc/talk-qa-schwarcz-saine.txt · Last modified: 2013/09/23 08:18 by legatum