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--- en:misc:talk-saine-schwarcz [2012/12/13 16:59]
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+++ en:misc:talk-saine-schwarcz [2012/12/13 17:26]
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 {{anchor:s187}}Now let’s look at observational studies:
-{{anchor:s188}}Observational studies provide verifiable information that is complementary to the results of clinical trials, and here it is particularly helpful to evaluate real-life outcomes over many years. {{anchor:s189}}First, this 2005 review paper entitled “//Research on Homeopathy: State of the Art//,” in which it is stated, “//Observational research of homeopathic practice documents consistently strong therapeutic effects and sustained satisfaction in patients//.”
+{{anchor:s188}}Observational studies provide verifiable information that is complementary to the results of clinical trials, and here it is particularly helpful to evaluate real-life outcomes over many years. {{anchor:s189}}First, [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16296915|this 2005 review paper]] entitled “//Research on Homeopathy: State of the Art//[(Walach H, Jonas WB, Ives J, van Wijk R, Weingärtner O. Research on homeopathy: state of the art. University College Northampton, School of Social Sciences, UK. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Oct;11(5):813-29.)],” in which it is stated, “//Observational research of homeopathic practice documents <wrap hi>consistently strong therapeutic effects and sustained satisfaction in patients</wrap>//.”
 {{anchor:s190}}“//Historically, homeopaths were among the first to introduce double-blinded experiments in human subjects//.”
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 {{anchor:s191}}Now let’s look at two large-scale perspective observational studies over many years:
-{{anchor:s192}}The first one is out of the UK, in which the author reports, “ //This was an observational study of 6544 consecutive follow-up patients during a 6-year period. . . . {{anchor:s193}}Results: Homeopathic intervention offered positive health changes to a substantial proportion (71%)// .”
+{{anchor:s192}}[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16296912|The first one]] is out of the UK, in which the author reports, “ //This was an observational study of 6544 consecutive follow-up patients during a 6-year period. . . . {{anchor:s193}}Results: Homeopathic intervention offered <wrap hi>positive health changes to a substantial proportion (71%)</wrap>//.”[(Spence DS, Thompson EA, Barron SJ. Homeopathic treatment for chronic disease: a 6-year, university-hospital outpatient observational study. United Bristol Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom. //J Altern Complement Med.// 2005 Oct;11(5):793-8.)]
-{{anchor:s194}}The second study I’m going to show comes from Germany and Switzerland. {{anchor:s195}}It was published in 2008, and the authors report, “ //In a prospective, multicentre cohort study with 104 homeopathic primary care practices in Germany and Switzerland, data from all patients (age >1 year) consulting the physician for the first time were observed. ... {{anchor:s196}}Results: A total of 3,709 patients were studied, 73% contributed data to the 8-year follow-up. ... {{anchor:s197}}Disease severity decreased significantly (p < 0.001),” --// this is extraordinary: One chance in a thousand that it could have happened— “ //between baseline, 2 and 8 years. {{anchor:s198}}Physical and mental quality of life scores also increased considerably... {{anchor:s199}}Conclusion: Patients who seek homeopathic treatment are likely to improve significantly. {{anchor:s200}}These effects last for as long as 8 years// .”
+{{anchor:s194}}[[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/413|The second study]] I’m going to show comes from Germany and Switzerland. {{anchor:s195}}It was published in 2008, and the authors report, “ //In a prospective, multicentre cohort study with 104 homeopathic primary care practices in Germany and Switzerland, data from all patients (age >1 year) consulting the physician for the first time were observed. ... {{anchor:s196}}Results: A total of 3,709 patients were studied, 73% contributed data to the 8-year follow-up. ... {{anchor:s197}}<wrap hi>Disease severity decreased significantly (p < 0.001)</wrap>,” --// this is extraordinary: One chance in a thousand that it could have happened— “ //between baseline, 2 and 8 years. {{anchor:s198}}<wrap hi>Physical and mental quality of life scores also increased considerably</wrap>... {{anchor:s199}}Conclusion: <wrap hi>Patients who seek homeopathic treatment are likely to improve significantly.</wrap> {{anchor:s200}}These effects last for as long as 8 years// .”[(Claudia M Witt, Rainer Lüdtke, Nils Mengler and Stefan N Willich; How healthy are chronically ill patients after eight years of homeopathic treatment? – Results from a long term observational study. BMC Public Health. December 2008, 8:413)]
 {{anchor:s201}}Now let’s look at therapeutic trials:
-{{anchor:s202}}There are all kinds of wonderful trials throughout the long history of homeopathy; however, I will focus on two RCTs (Randomized Control Trials). {{anchor:s203}}For the first one we are going to look at, the outcome is very interesting because the outcome is life or death, so it’s a bit more dramatic. {{anchor:s204}}This is a study on sepsis in an intensive care unit:
+{{anchor:s202}}There are all kinds of wonderful trials throughout the long history of homeopathy; however, I will focus on two RCTs (Randomized Control Trials). {{anchor:s203}}For the first one we are going to look at, the outcome is very interesting because the outcome is life or death, so it’s a bit more dramatic. {{anchor:s204}}This is a [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15892486|study on sepsis]] in an intensive care unit:
-{{anchor:s205}}“ //Mortality in patients with severe sepsis remains high despite the development of several therapeutic strategies. ... {{anchor:s206}}The incidence of severe sepsis is between 70,000 to 300,000 patients in the United States each year. {{anchor:s207}}The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate whether homeopathy is able to influence long-term outcome in critically ill patients suffering from severe sepsis. .. {{anchor:s208}}Seventy patients with severe sepsis received homeopathic treatment or placebo. {{anchor:s209}}Five globules in a potency of 200 C were given at 12 h interval during the stay at the intensive care unit. {{anchor:s210}}Survival after 30 and 180 days was recorded. ... {{anchor:s211}}Results: On day 180, survival was statistically significantly higher with verum homeopathy (75.8% vs. 50.0%, P=0.043). No adverse effects were observed// .”
+{{anchor:s205}}“ //Mortality in patients with severe sepsis remains high despite the development of several therapeutic strategies. ... {{anchor:s206}}The incidence of severe sepsis is between 70,000 to 300,000 patients in the United States each year. {{anchor:s207}}The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate whether homeopathy is able to influence long-term outcome in critically ill patients suffering from severe sepsis. .. {{anchor:s208}}Seventy patients with severe sepsis received homeopathic treatment or placebo. {{anchor:s209}}Five globules in a potency of 200 C were given at 12 h interval during the stay at the intensive care unit. {{anchor:s210}}Survival after 30 and 180 days was recorded. ... {{anchor:s211}}Results: On day 180, <wrap hi>survival was statistically significantly higher with verum homeopathy</wrap> (75.8% vs. 50.0%, P=0.043). No adverse effects were observed//.” [(sepsisstudy>Frass M, Linkesch M, Banyai S, Resch G, Dielacher C, Löbl T, Endler C, Haidvogl M, Muchitsch I, Schuster E. Adjunctive homeopathic treatment in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in an intensive care unit. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Homeopathy, Graz, Austria. Homeopathy. 2005 Apr;94(2):75-80.)]
-{{anchor:s212}}Here we have a skeptic from England, in the Guardian stating, “ //This RCT trial has been done, time and time again, with homeopathy ... you find, overall, that the people getting the placebo sugar pills do just as well as those getting the real, posh, expensive, technical, magical homeopathy pills// .”
+{{anchor:s212}}Here we have a skeptic from England, in the Guardian stating, “ //This RCT trial has been done, time and time again, with homeopathy ... you find, overall, that the people getting the placebo sugar pills do just as well as those getting the real, posh, expensive, technical, magical homeopathy pills//.”[(Ben Goldacre. A kind of Magic? //The Guardian.// November 16, 2007))]
-{{anchor:s213}}Now, a valid question to ask Goldacre is whether he considers the other 26% extra in the sepsis placebo group as doing just as well as the group receiving homeopathy.
+{{anchor:s213}}Now, a valid question to ask Goldacre is whether he considers the other 26% extra[(sepsisstudy)] in the sepsis placebo group as doing just as well as the group receiving homeopathy.
-{{anchor:s214}}Now, let’s look at a second RCt:
+{{anchor:s214}}Now, let’s look at a second RCT:
 {{anchor:s215}}This one is of great interest as researchers were able to isolate the strength of homeopathic response from the clinical skill of the homeopaths. {{anchor:s216}}It’s on hyperactivity in children:

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